Flat washers are usually thin pieces of various shapes used to reduce friction, prevent leakage, isolate, prevent loosening, or distribute pressure. Such components are found in many materials and structures to perform a variety of similar functions. Restricted by the material and process of threaded fasteners, the bearing surface of fasteners such as bolts is not large, so in order to reduce the compressive stress of the bearing surface and protect the surface of the connected parts, washers are used.
The flat gasket product is an accessory on the high-speed rail backing plate. The product requires two planes to be flat, the shape and size of the inner hole are accurate, and there are no casting defects (such as air holes, shrinkage holes, sand holes, etc.), and the casting material requires GB/T450-10 . Due to the light weight and large demand of flat gaskets, if they are produced by ordinary sand casting process, the castings are prone to deformation, sand holes, air holes and other casting defects, and the molding area is large, the production efficiency is low, and the production tasks are difficult to complete.
According to relevant standards, the performance grades of carbon steel and alloy steel bolts are divided into more than 10 grades such as 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, etc. Among them, the bolts of grade 8.8 and above are made of low-carbon alloy steel or medium Carbon steel and heat treatment (quenching, tempering) are generally called high-strength bolts, and the rest are generally called ordinary bolts. The bolt performance grade label consists of two parts of numbers, which represent the nominal tensile strength value and yield ratio of the bolt material respectively. Stainless steel bolts are divided into A1-50, A1-70, A1-80, A2-50, A2-70, A2-80, A3-50, A3-70, A3-80, A4-50, A4-70, A4-80, A5-50, A5-70, A5-80, C1-50, C1-70, C1-110, C4-50, C4-70, C3-80, F1-45, F1- 60. The first letter and number represent the stainless steel group, and the second and third numbers represent 1/10 of the tensile strength. [2]
The function of the waterproof gasket is mainly to prevent the leakage of liquid or gaseous substances and the intrusion of external liquids, and has achieved the effect of sealing. Generally, the waterproof gasket is simply designed in the shape of a rubber ring plate.
At present, there are mainly the following methods for classifying screws of different lengths mixed together: First, visual identification and manual sorting. This method is time-consuming, labor-intensive and inefficient. Second, the screws are centrifuged and screened according to the quality and size of the screws. However, the quality of screws of the same length is not necessarily the same when the materials of the screws are different. Third, sorting is carried out using a screening device with sieve holes, but the sieve holes are generally simple geometric shapes, which can only roughly distinguish the length of the screws. Moreover, the specific position where the screw falls into the screen hole will also affect the degree of screening. It can be seen that the above-mentioned methods for classifying screws all have the problem of poor effect.
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