What is the tolerance range of precision screws?
What is the tolerance range of precision screws?
High-strength fasteners must be quenched and tempered according to technical requirements. The purpose of heat treatment and tempering is to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of fasteners to meet the specified tensile strength value and yield ratio of the product. The heat treatment process has a crucial impact on high-strength fasteners, especially its intrinsic quality. Therefore, in order to produce high-quality high-strength fasteners, advanced heat treatment technology and equipment must be available. Due to the large production volume and low price of high-strength bolts, and the threaded part is a relatively fine and relatively precise structure, the heat treatment equipment is required to have large production capacity, high degree of automation, and good heat treatment quality. Since the 1990s, the continuous heat treatment production line with protective atmosphere has dominated, and the shock bottom type and mesh belt furnace are especially suitable for heat treatment and tempering of small and medium-sized fasteners. In addition to the good sealing performance of the furnace, the quenching and tempering line also has advanced computer control of atmosphere, temperature and process parameters, equipment failure alarm and display functions. High-strength fasteners are automatically controlled and operated from feeding-cleaning-heating-quenching-cleaning-tempering-coloring to offline, which effectively ensures the quality of heat treatment. The decarburization of the thread will cause the fastener to trip before the resistance required by the mechanical properties is reached, which will cause the failure of the threaded fastener and shorten the service life. Due to the decarburization of the raw material, if the annealing is improper, the decarburized layer of the raw material will be deepened. In the process of quenching and tempering heat treatment, some oxidizing gas is generally brought in from outside the furnace. The rust of the bar wire or the residue on the surface of the wire rod after cold drawing will also decompose after being heated in the furnace, and some oxidizing gases will be generated by the reaction. For example, the surface rust of steel wire, which is composed of iron carbonate and hydroxide, will be decomposed into CO₂ and H₂O after heating, thus aggravating decarburization. Studies have shown that the degree of decarburization of medium carbon alloy steel is more serious than that of carbon steel, and the fastest decarburization temperature is between 700 and 800 degrees Celsius. Because the attachments on the surface of the steel wire decompose and synthesize carbon dioxide and water very quickly under certain conditions, if the furnace gas of the continuous mesh belt furnace is not properly controlled, it will also cause excessive decarburization of the screw. When the high-strength bolt is formed by cold heading, the raw material and the annealed decarburized layer not only still exist, but also are extruded to the top of the thread. For the surface of the fastener that needs to be quenched, the required hardness cannot be obtained. Its mechanical properties (especially strength and wear resistance) decreased. In addition, the surface of the steel wire is decarburized, and the surface layer and the internal structure have different expansion coefficients, and surface cracks may occur during quenching. For this reason, during quenching and heating, the top of the thread should be protected from decarburization, and the fasteners whose raw materials have been decarburized should be properly carbonized, and the advantages of the protective atmosphere in the mesh belt furnace should be adjusted to the original carbon-coated parts. The carbon content is basically the same, so that the decarburized fasteners are slowly restored to the original carbon content. The carbon potential is preferably set at 0.42% - 0.48%. The carbon coating temperature is the same as the quenching heating, and cannot be carried out at high temperatures , so as to avoid coarse grains and affect mechanical properties. The quality problems that may occur in the process of quenching and tempering of fasteners mainly include: insufficient hardness in the quenched state; uneven hardness in the quenched state; excessive quenching deformation; quenching cracking. Such problems in the field are often related to raw materials, quenching heating and quenching cooling. Correctly formulating the heat treatment process and standardizing the production operation process can often avoid such quality accidents.
Friction type high-strength bolts: suitable for beam and column connections of steel frame structures, solid web beam connections, heavy-duty crane beam connections in industrial plants, braking systems and important structures bearing dynamic loads. Pressure-bearing high-strength bolts: Can be used for shear connections in statically loaded structures that allow a small amount of sliding or in members that are indirectly loaded with dynamic loads. Tensile high-strength bolts: When the bolts are in tension, the fatigue strength is low. Under the action of dynamic load, its bearing capacity is not easy to exceed 0.6P (P is the allowable axial force of the bolt). Therefore, it is only suitable for use under static load. Such as flange butt joints, T-joints, etc. of pressure members.
Inch Screws C-1: Thread Code: The denominator is marked as 8, and then the numerator is directly called the number. Ex: 1/8 x 0.50 –PPB: 1 Thread screw x 0.50” long, PPB Ex: 5/16 x 0.50 –PPB = 2.5/8 x 0.50-PPB : 2 ½ inch screw x 0.50” long, PPB Ex: 5/32 x 0.50 –PPB =1.25/8 x 0.50-PPB: 1 ½ ½ inch screw x 0.50” long , PPB Ex: 1/4 x 0.50-PPB= 2/8 x 0.50-PPB: 2-point screw x 0.50” long, PPB Note: Coarse or fine pitch is sometimes indicated. UNF: Fine pitch: more commonly used in the electronics industry UNC: Coarse Thread: More commonly used for heavy machinery construction. Ex: 3/8 x 0.50, UNF –PPB: 3 point fine thread screw x 0.50” long, PPB. C-2: Length Code: In inches, must be multiplied by 25.40 is converted to mm. Measured with a buckle gauge, it is a metric thread when it matches the metric thread, and an inch thread when it matches the inch thread. You can also use a caliper to measure the outer diameter and pitch of the thread. The outer diameter of the metric thread is in millimeters, Such as 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 20 mm, etc., the pitch is also in millimeters, such as 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, etc. The outer diameter of the imperial thread is in inches, (per inch Equal to 25.4 mm) such as 3/16, 5/8, 1/4, 1/2, etc. Therefore, the reading of the outer diameter with a metric caliper often has irregular decimals. The inch pitch is expressed by how many teeth per inch. Set the caliper at 25.4 mm, align one caliper tip with the thread cusp, and the other caliper tip, if aligned with the thread cusp, is an inch thread, and if the thread cusp is not aligned, it should be a metric thread. The tip is printed on the white chalk. The chalk is clear and easy to measure. To measure the metric pitch, you should measure a length, such as 10, 15, 20, millimeters, etc., count how many teeth are included, and calculate the pitch in inches. The specified thread specification is inch thread, such as: G1. Metric threads are specified in metric units of millimeters. Such as: M30. The imperial system is determined by how many teeth there are in one inch (2.54 cm), generally a 55-degree angle. The metric system is the pitch determined by the distance between the two tooth tips, usually a 60-degree angle anchor screw: tighten the machine, etc. Screws for use on the ground. Also called anchor bolts. The difference between British and American screws is difficult to distinguish visually. The difference between British and American screws is that the rolling angle of British screws is 55 degrees, while the rolling angle of American screws is 60 degrees. These two standard screws are used in most screws. It can be used in general, but 1/2 size screws are not allowed, because the standard thread of inch 1/2 is 1/2-12 teeth, while the American system is 1/2-13 teeth.
screw assembly jig comprises a base, a cylinder and a cylinder which are vertically arranged on the base and are arranged opposite to each other, and a sliding plate that can move up and down along the cylinder and the cylinder, the area above the sliding plate is provided with a cylinder, and the four corners pass through the cylinder respectively. Four pneumatic screwdrivers are placed and fixed on the sliding plate, the area of the base is further provided with a fixing plate corresponding to the four pneumatic screwdrivers; one end of the base is also provided with a switch. Guangdong Yueluo Hardware Industry Co., Ltd. can quickly drive multiple screws into the product at the same time, which has the characteristics of high production efficiency and high yield rate.
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