What is the tolerance range of precision screws?
What is the tolerance range of precision screws?
screw is a tool that uses the physical and mathematical principles of the circular rotation and friction of an object to fasten the mechanism of the object step by step. A screw is a common term for fasteners, an everyday colloquial language. Screws are indispensable industrial necessities in daily life: tiny screws used in cameras, glasses, clocks, electronics, etc.; general screws in televisions, electrical products, musical instruments, furniture, etc.; as for engineering, construction, and bridges, large screws are used. Screws and nuts; transportation equipment, airplanes, trams, automobiles, etc. are used together with large and small screws. Screws have important tasks in industry. As long as there is industry on earth, the function of screws will always be important. The screw is a common invention in people's production and life for thousands of years. According to the application field, it is a great invention of human beings.
With the continuous improvement of road facilities, guardrails are set up in the middle of the roads in most cities at the separation of the upper and lower lanes. At the same time, guardrails are also set up between the motor vehicle lane and the non-motor vehicle lane. The bottom of the guardrail column is set with a base, and the base is usually made of If the steel nail is fixed, the deformation hole should be drilled on the asphalt road first, and then the steel nail should be knocked into the deformation hole. Because the outer wall of the steel nail is cylindrical, the friction force on the ground is small, and the guardrail is affected by the deformation. When the external impact force occurs, the steel nails are easily detached from the asphalt road, making the road guardrail lose its fixation. In some places, expansion screws are used to fix the railings, but during the tightening process of the expansion screws, the expansion pieces are opened by the force of the ejector rod, and the opening angle is small. Limited, the railing will still fall down when subjected to a large impact. Therefore, it is necessary to design a special screw for fixing the railing on the asphalt road.
When the countersunk head screws and hexagon socket head bolts are produced by the cold heading process, the original structure of the steel will directly affect the forming ability of the cold heading process. In the process of cold heading, the plastic deformation of the local area can reach 60%-80%, so the steel must have good plasticity. When the chemical composition of the steel is constant, the metallographic structure is the key factor to determine the plasticity. It is generally believed that the coarse flaky pearlite is not conducive to cold heading forming, while the fine spherical pearlite can significantly improve the plastic deformation ability of the steel. For medium carbon steel and medium carbon alloy steel with a large amount of high-strength bolts, spheroidizing (softening) annealing is performed before cold heading, so as to obtain uniform and fine spheroidized pearlite to better meet the actual production needs. For the softening annealing of medium carbon steel wire rods, the heating temperature should be kept above and below the critical point of the steel, and the heating temperature should not be too high, otherwise tertiary cementite will precipitate along the grain boundary, resulting in cold heading cracking. The wire rod of medium carbon alloy steel is annealed by isothermal spheroidization. After heating at AC1+ (20-30%), the furnace is cooled to slightly lower than Ar1, the temperature is about 700 degrees Celsius for an isothermal period, and then the furnace is cooled to about 500 degrees Celsius and air-cooled. The metallographic structure of the steel changes from coarse to fine, from flake to spherical, and the cracking rate of cold heading will be greatly reduced. The general area of softening annealing temperature for 35\45\ML35\SWRCH35K steel is 715-735 degrees Celsius; while the general heating temperature for spheroidizing annealing of SCM435\40Cr\SCR435 steel is 740-770 degrees Celsius, and the isothermal temperature is 680-700 degrees Celsius.
High-strength hexagon head bolt combination screws for steel structures, mainly used in railway and highway bridges, boiler steel structures, industrial plants, high-rise civil buildings, tower and mast structures, hoisting machinery and their steel structures need to use friction-type high-strength bolt combinations for screws. It is characterized by an extra dodecagon at the end of the bolt, also known as the bolt. When installing, a special electric wrench must be used, which has two socket heads up and down, one is set on the hexagonal body of the nut, and the other is set on the decagon body of the outer hexagon screw. When tightening, apply a clockwise force to the nut, and apply an equal counterclockwise force to the dodecagon body of the bolt, so that the connecting neck between the end of the outer hexagon screw and the dodecagon body is subjected to torsion shearing until the neck is sheared. So far, the installation has come to an end. This torsion shear type high-strength outer hexagon screw is a one-time-use screw and generally cannot be removed after installation.
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