What is the tolerance range of precision screws?
What is the tolerance range of precision screws?
Bolt: A mechanical part, a cylindrical threaded fastener with a nut. A type of fastener consisting of a head and a screw (a cylinder with an external thread), which needs to be matched with a nut to fasten and connect two parts with through holes. This form of connection is called a bolted connection. If the nut is unscrewed from the bolt, the two parts can be separated, so the bolt connection is a detachable connection.
According to the force of the connection, it is divided into ordinary and hinged holes. According to the shape of the head: there are hexagonal head, round head, square head, countersunk head and so on. Among them, the hexagonal head is the most commonly used. Generally, countersunk heads are used where connections are required. [1] The English name of the riding bolt is U-bolt. It is a non-standard part. The shape is U-shaped, so it is also called a U-bolt. There are threads on both ends that can be combined with nuts. It is mainly used to fix tubular objects such as water pipes or sheets such as The leaf spring of a car is called a horse-riding bolt because it fixes the object in the same way that a person rides on a horse. According to the length of the thread, it is divided into two categories: full thread and non-full thread. [2] According to the thread type, it is divided into two types: coarse thread and fine thread. The coarse thread is not displayed in the bolt mark. The bolts are divided into eight grades: 3.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, and 12.9 according to their performance grades. Among them, the bolts above grade 8.8 (including grade 8.8) are made of low-carbon alloy steel or medium-carbon steel and are heat-treated (quenched). + Tempering), commonly known as high-strength bolts, and below grade 8.8 (excluding 8.8) are commonly known as ordinary bolts. [2] Ordinary bolts can be divided into three grades: A, B, and C according to the production accuracy. Grades A and B are refined bolts, and grade C is rough bolts. For connecting bolts for steel structures, unless otherwise specified, they are generally ordinary rough grade C bolts. There are differences in the processing methods of different grades. Usually the corresponding processing methods are as follows: ① The bolts of grade A and B bolts are processed by lathes, with smooth surfaces and accurate dimensions. High, rarely used; ②C-grade bolts are made of unmachined round steel, the size is not accurate enough, and its material property grade is 4.6 or 4.8. The deformation is large during shear connection, but the installation is convenient and the production cost is low. It is mostly used for tensile connection or temporary fixation during installation. [2]
Iron two combination screws can be sucked up with magnets, but stainless steel two combination screws are difficult to be sucked up. Environmentally friendly three-combination screws and non-environmentally friendly ones are invisible to the naked eye and require mechanical testing. It cannot be judged with the naked eye and out of thin air. The specifications of the two combination screws need to be determined by the national standard. The salt spray of the two combination screws needs to be measured with a salt spray machine for how many hours.
(1) The screw-in performance test is to screw the self-tapping locking screw sample into the test plate until one complete thread completely passes the test without breaking. (2) The destructive torque test is to clamp the stem of the self-tapping locking screw specimen in a thread mold or other device that matches the screw thread, and uses a calibrated torque-measuring device to measure the screw. Torque is applied until fracture, which should not occur in the clamped threaded portion. (3) Carry out a tensile test on the screw sample to check the minimum tensile load for failure. The fracture should be within the length of the rod or the unthreaded thread, and should not occur at the junction of the nail head and the rod. Before the sample breaks, it should be It can reach the minimum tensile load specified by the corresponding performance class. (4) Hydrogen embrittlement is a problem that must be strictly paid attention to in the surface treatment process of self-tapping locking screws. In the pickling process, the screw is stirred in dilute hydrochloric acid, and the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the pickling steel increases linearly with the square root of time and reaches the saturation value. Less than 100%, a large number of hydrogen atoms will be produced, which will be attached to the surface of the screw, resulting in hydrogen infiltration, and the steel will become brittle due to the absorption of hydrogen. The self-tapping locking screw takes 6~8h to drive hydrogen, and the temperature is 160~200℃ (phosphating) and 200~240℃ (electroplating). However, in the production process, the hydrogen drive time should be determined according to many production conditions such as core hardness, surface roughness, electroplating time, coating thickness, pickling time, and acid concentration. It is best to do it before passivation and just after electroplating.
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