What is the tolerance range of precision screws?
What is the tolerance range of precision screws?
Inch Screws C-1: Thread Code: The denominator is marked as 8, and then the numerator is directly called the number. Ex: 1/8 x 0.50 –PPB: 1 Thread screw x 0.50” long, PPB Ex: 5/16 x 0.50 –PPB = 2.5/8 x 0.50-PPB : 2 ½ inch screw x 0.50” long, PPB Ex: 5/32 x 0.50 –PPB =1.25/8 x 0.50-PPB: 1 ½ ½ inch screw x 0.50” long , PPB Ex: 1/4 x 0.50-PPB= 2/8 x 0.50-PPB: 2-point screw x 0.50” long, PPB Note: Coarse or fine pitch is sometimes indicated. UNF: Fine pitch: more commonly used in the electronics industry UNC: Coarse Thread: More commonly used for heavy machinery construction. Ex: 3/8 x 0.50, UNF –PPB: 3 point fine thread screw x 0.50” long, PPB. C-2: Length Code: In inches, must be multiplied by 25.40 is converted to mm. Measured with a buckle gauge, it is a metric thread when it matches the metric thread, and an inch thread when it matches the inch thread. You can also use a caliper to measure the outer diameter and pitch of the thread. The outer diameter of the metric thread is in millimeters, Such as 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 20 mm, etc., the pitch is also in millimeters, such as 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, etc. The outer diameter of the imperial thread is in inches, (per inch Equal to 25.4 mm) such as 3/16, 5/8, 1/4, 1/2, etc. Therefore, the reading of the outer diameter with a metric caliper often has irregular decimals. The inch pitch is expressed by how many teeth per inch. Set the caliper at 25.4 mm, align one caliper tip with the thread cusp, and the other caliper tip, if aligned with the thread cusp, is an inch thread, and if the thread cusp is not aligned, it should be a metric thread. The tip is printed on the white chalk. The chalk is clear and easy to measure. To measure the metric pitch, you should measure a length, such as 10, 15, 20, millimeters, etc., count how many teeth are included, and calculate the pitch in inches. The specified thread specification is inch thread, such as: G1. Metric threads are specified in metric units of millimeters. Such as: M30. The imperial system is determined by how many teeth there are in one inch (2.54 cm), generally a 55-degree angle. The metric system is the pitch determined by the distance between the two tooth tips, usually a 60-degree angle anchor screw: tighten the machine, etc. Screws for use on the ground. Also called anchor bolts. The difference between British and American screws is difficult to distinguish visually. The difference between British and American screws is that the rolling angle of British screws is 55 degrees, while the rolling angle of American screws is 60 degrees. These two standard screws are used in most screws. It can be used in general, but 1/2 size screws are not allowed, because the standard thread of inch 1/2 is 1/2-12 teeth, while the American system is 1/2-13 teeth.
Yueluo relates to a self-tapping screw according to the preamble of claim 1. A self-tapping screw is known from EP0623759B1, the ratio of the outer diameter to the smaller diameter of the self-tapping screw is about 1.25-1.5, the ratio of the outer diameter to the pitch lead is about 1.5-1.6 and the thread The flank angles of , are < 50° and ≥ 35°. EP0433484B1 proposes a self-tapping screw whose thread is provided with cutting teeth of approximately arcuate design, and the cutting edge and the thread crest are at the same horizontal position and are set in opposite directions. One purpose of Yueluo is to realize a general type of self-tapping screw so that it can be screwed particularly easily into holes drilled in concrete or other materials such as bricks and the like. According to Yueluo, this object is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1, and surprisingly, it has been found that the parallel arrangement of the flanks, ie with a flank angle of about 0°, will make screwing particularly easy when screwing in , especially if the diameter of the hole varies within an allowable tolerance. One reason may be due to the fact that there is no lateral pressure on the material screwed into the thread, even if threads of different depths are cut in concrete or other materials such as brick, chipped plywood, or hardwood. The thread cuts into the material over its entire width by cutting grooves. In particular according to the embodiment of claim 3 the material cut out when screwing in the screw can be discharged without any accumulation, the dependent claims reflecting many advantages of further embodiments.
High-strength fasteners must be quenched and tempered according to technical requirements. The purpose of heat treatment and tempering is to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of fasteners to meet the specified tensile strength value and yield ratio of the product. The heat treatment process has a crucial impact on high-strength fasteners, especially its intrinsic quality. Therefore, in order to produce high-quality high-strength fasteners, advanced heat treatment technology and equipment must be available. Due to the large production volume and low price of high-strength bolts, and the threaded part is a relatively fine and relatively precise structure, the heat treatment equipment is required to have large production capacity, high degree of automation, and good heat treatment quality. Since the 1990s, the continuous heat treatment production line with protective atmosphere has dominated, and the shock bottom type and mesh belt furnace are especially suitable for heat treatment and tempering of small and medium-sized fasteners. In addition to the good sealing performance of the furnace, the quenching and tempering line also has advanced computer control of atmosphere, temperature and process parameters, equipment failure alarm and display functions. High-strength fasteners are automatically controlled and operated from feeding-cleaning-heating-quenching-cleaning-tempering-coloring to offline, which effectively ensures the quality of heat treatment. The decarburization of the thread will cause the fastener to trip before the resistance required by the mechanical properties is reached, which will cause the failure of the threaded fastener and shorten the service life. Due to the decarburization of the raw material, if the annealing is improper, the decarburized layer of the raw material will be deepened. In the process of quenching and tempering heat treatment, some oxidizing gas is generally brought in from outside the furnace. The rust of the bar wire or the residue on the surface of the wire rod after cold drawing will also decompose after being heated in the furnace, and some oxidizing gases will be generated by the reaction. For example, the surface rust of steel wire, which is composed of iron carbonate and hydroxide, will be decomposed into CO₂ and H₂O after heating, thus aggravating decarburization. Studies have shown that the degree of decarburization of medium carbon alloy steel is more serious than that of carbon steel, and the fastest decarburization temperature is between 700 and 800 degrees Celsius. Because the attachments on the surface of the steel wire decompose and synthesize carbon dioxide and water very quickly under certain conditions, if the furnace gas of the continuous mesh belt furnace is not properly controlled, it will also cause excessive decarburization of the screw. When the high-strength bolt is formed by cold heading, the raw material and the annealed decarburized layer not only still exist, but also are extruded to the top of the thread. For the surface of the fastener that needs to be quenched, the required hardness cannot be obtained. Its mechanical properties (especially strength and wear resistance) decreased. In addition, the surface of the steel wire is decarburized, and the surface layer and the internal structure have different expansion coefficients, and surface cracks may occur during quenching. For this reason, during quenching and heating, the top of the thread should be protected from decarburization, and the fasteners whose raw materials have been decarburized should be properly carbonized, and the advantages of the protective atmosphere in the mesh belt furnace should be adjusted to the original carbon-coated parts. The carbon content is basically the same, so that the decarburized fasteners are slowly restored to the original carbon content. The carbon potential is preferably set at 0.42% - 0.48%. The carbon coating temperature is the same as the quenching heating, and cannot be carried out at high temperatures , so as to avoid coarse grains and affect mechanical properties. The quality problems that may occur in the process of quenching and tempering of fasteners mainly include: insufficient hardness in the quenched state; uneven hardness in the quenched state; excessive quenching deformation; quenching cracking. Such problems in the field are often related to raw materials, quenching heating and quenching cooling. Correctly formulating the heat treatment process and standardizing the production operation process can often avoid such quality accidents.
Lock washers feature easy installation. 1. Just place the helical tooth surfaces on the inner side of the two washers against each other and place them between the nut and the connecting material; 2. After the nut is tightened, the radially convex surface on the outer side of the lock washer and the contact surfaces at both ends are in an engaged state, and The angle of the slope angle of the helical tooth surface on the inner side of the washer is greater than the thread angle of the bolt; 3. When the bolt is elongated due to mechanical vibration, the nut will rotate and loosen accordingly. Because the frictional force of the outer radial convex surface of the lock washer is greater than the frictional force between the inner helical tooth surfaces. In this state, only the relative dislocation between the inner helical tooth surfaces is allowed to generate a certain lifting tension; 4. When the bolt shrinks, the helical tooth surface of the washer will make the nut return to its original position. So as to achieve 100% anti-loose and tightening effect; 5. Washers are suitable for relatively flat and smooth surfaces; 6. If the connecting material is non-metallic material, a metal plate can be fixed on the connecting material, so that the Use the lock washer; 7. There is no need to use a torque wrench when installing the lock washer; 8. You can choose to use an air tool when installing or removing the lock washer.
The above content is uploaded by Yueluo or the Internet. If there is any copyright issue, please contact [email protected].
